壹、前言
112學年度分科測驗化學考科的非選擇題共有 10 題,包含第 22、23-25、26-28、29-31 題。各題均為 2 分,總計 20 分。以下分別說明各題的滿分參考答案、評分原則說明與考生作答情形:
貳、各題滿分參考答案及評分原則
第 22 題
一、滿分參考答案(2分)
......式(1)
二、評分原則與說明
本題組是測驗考生對於水電解實驗的了解。水電解實驗是考生熟悉的題型,考生可以運用課堂所學,並藉著數據分析與邏輯推理來回答問題。
第 22 題是測驗考生平衡反應方程式的能力,其評分原則為:在式(1)中,能寫出反應物與產物的物種正確可得 1 分,平衡係數正確再得 1 分。若只能寫出反應物與產物的物種正確,但平衡係數有誤,只能得 1 分。若無法正確寫出反應物與產物的物種無法得分。
三、考生作答情形
大部分考生無法正確寫出反應物與產物,所以無法得到分數。例如,有些考生會將電子寫在反應式的右邊,但就還原半反應而言,反應物應得到電子而非失去電子,也就是說電子應出現在反應式的左邊而非右邊。另外,有些考生會使用氫離子來平衡半反應式,但由於反應是在鹼性溶液中進行,所以平衡半反應式時,應使用氫氧根離子而非氫離子。小部分考生雖已寫出物種,但平衡係數錯誤,只能得到 1 分。
第 23-25 題
一、滿分參考答案
第23題(2分)
4個(乙、丙、丁、戊)
第24題(2分)
![](data:image/png;base64,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)
第25題(2分)
![](data:image/png;base64,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)
二、評分原則與說明
本題組藉著電腦模擬的有機分子,測驗考生對於分子結構的理解,其中第 25 題與課綱實驗-阿斯匹靈的製備有關。
第 23 題的評分原則為:寫 4、4 個或者寫乙、丙、丁、戊即得 2 分;若寫 4 個正確,但舉例錯誤,如寫甲、乙、丙、丁則不給分。
第 24 題的評分原則是:能正確寫出參考答案中的結構式,可得 2 分;寫 CH3-CH2-CH3 或 CH3CH2CH3 也可得 2 分;寫出結構錯誤或答非所問,如寫成分子式,則無法得分。。
第 25 題的評分原則是:能正確寫出參考答案中的結構式,可得 2 分;寫出的結構錯誤或答非所問,無法得分。
三、考生作答情形
第 23 題,大部分考生能正確作答,少部分考生回答錯誤,常見情況有:
1. 誤解題意:題目是問有幾個化合物具有不飽和鍵,而不是問有幾個不飽和鍵。
2. 觀念不清:部分考生誤認為化合物甲也具有不飽和鍵,而回答出錯誤的個數,如 5 個(甲、乙、丙、丁、戊)。
第 24 題,大部分考生均能寫出化合物甲的結構式。少部分考生因不熟悉分子模型,誤認甲的結構為環丙烷或 2-甲基丙烯。
第 25 題,部分的考生能正確作答,有些考生因不熟悉課綱實驗的內容而無法作答。常見的錯誤有:
1. 羧酸基與酯官能基的相對位置不在鄰位上。
2. 苯環寫成環己烷。
3. 寫錯羧酸基或酯官能基的結構式。
第 26-28 題
一、滿分參考答案
第26題(2分)
由反應式得知 1 莫耳 dTBP 分解會產生 3 莫耳產物,反應前後系統中各物種分壓變化可表示如下(單位為 cmHg):
t=0 26.17 0 0 26.17
t 26.17-
2
26.17+2![](data:image/png;base64,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)
在 1 min 時,總壓為 26.63 cmHg,得知
=0.23 cmHg,
且 dTBP 分壓為 26.17-0.23=25.94 cmHg
由![](data:image/png;base64,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)
![](data:image/png;base64,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)
第27題(2分)
假設 ![](data:image/png;base64,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)
80 min時 ![](data:image/png;base64,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)
160 min時 ![](data:image/png;base64,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)
∴
,![](data:image/png;base64,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)
第28題(2分)
![](data:image/png;base64,iVBORw0KGgoAAAANSUhEUgAAAGQAAAAeCAYAAADaW7vzAAAAAXNSR0ICQMB9xQAAAAlwSFlzAAASdAAAEnQB3mYfeAAAABl0RVh0U29mdHdhcmUATWljcm9zb2Z0IE9mZmljZX/tNXEAAAJ6SURBVGje7Zo9TsMwFIDfAXoAKtVsPUAxHWFCxao4AEnUDTEhS6gHcLt16QXYOjIws3ACbsDADbgD9CWN6xg7daApoX3DGxo5L++9z+/HVmE6nQJJc4SCQEBICAgBIdlbIDGHBQB8ZsI+hFS9/xzwtT9uX/6HAx3xcjubtfYlCyYJv2oMkImURzFnc8bEY0iQqwBRMupe8uMH4PGCgFRN2cAghwJRatTmAO+pbgNI5nxe8sqln8hr0YEX7xrG3voiubdtKZbVojB2+iwSOWwskKq7vsra2ey2lQbUBmK871qDmYXPeDK5yn6LHgP4YIO7sakbM9u3mXBDnDB4tfWmzxCMoeuggahInJuOu9bkQdJAVtlmBtHOhnztJr05XAD+PlKqffBAfrJmm0D0cwNAMBCz4Up5cZamWw0TjhnktcGrums5tAmITPrX2Q5clgWRqDqB6G857PFmiO5tFTOkEBh28oqNCA0wFYU2Mt3QHDvMFWQ54DcYTFfQy4DcDdgY7Yuk6mo9GLAtAXH6xOO5y5ay3vSrHpIF2g2hjgzBjMTppmrJyoNmlo46Sxa+l4j+fQocN6wVTK13OYkxBm+FyczyrzqQmg9i6TfQqVN48mXRJntcTu2ih+gx2tcrAs5AtQDZRslKD3FLw+wG2WQgrp7QCCDbK1kI1n9H5S1ZnrPCzjLEsmlvgLjGwhB7Cu+tTsLmxOXzQR/gSnx0wc70i2Gu387qEL2VgHwbP2to7K5vREp2y75btkFQX1b2stvT/OoDJyEpJ0dBZdbY0d/tc1+F5FNdqN5G32XRbS8BISAEhIAQEAJCQAhIY4DQnxxI/kooCASEpEy+AASpFp33/8XyAAAAAElFTkSuQmCC)
40 min 時,![](data:image/png;base64,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)
二、評分原則與說明
本題組是測驗考生反應速率的計算。反應速率的計算雖屬於常見的題型,但本題組亦結合氣體壓力的相關概念,因此,屬於靈活創新試題。題幹中也提供了部分數據的處理結果,這除了可以避免繁瑣的計算,也提供了考生解題的思路。
第 26題,能列式計算出 dTBP 的分壓為 25.94 cmHg 可得 1 分,並列式得出 dTBP 的體積莫耳濃度再得 1 分;能列式計算出 dTBP 的分壓為 25.94 cmHg,但未能得出 dTBP 的體積莫耳濃度,只能得 1 分;無法正確計算出 dTBP 的體積莫耳濃度或答非所問,無法得分。
第 27 題,能列式並計算出反應速率常數(k)的數值得 1 分,單位正確再得 1 分;k 的數值正確、單位錯誤或數值錯誤、單位正確,只能得 1 分;無法正確計算出反應速率常數或答非所問,無法得分。
第28題,列式正確給 1 分,答案正確再給 1 分;若列式正確,且數值帶入正確,但計算有誤導致答案錯誤只能得 1 分;列式錯誤或數值帶入錯誤,無法算出正確答案,無法得分。
三、考生作答情形
第 26 題,這一小題測驗的是氣體的體積莫耳濃度的計算。大多數考生無法正確作答。多數的考生因為沒有列式說明 25.94 cmHg 的由來,而是直接利用題幹給的式子來得到體積莫耳濃度,雖然答案正確,但卻屬於沒有寫出計算過程,無法獲得分數。
第 27 題,這一小題的評分關鍵是 k 的數值與單位,然而考生大多不能得到完整的分數,常見的錯誤有:
1.單位錯誤:很多考生會將單位寫成 s-1,但正確的單位應為 min-1。
2.運算錯誤:很多考生運算不夠細心以至於弄錯小數點後的位數,例如 k 應為 0.0086 min-1,但考生卻寫成0.086 min-1。
第 28 題,大部分考生無法正確作答,因為此題與第 27 題有相依關係,考生若不能在第 27 題中得知反應的速率定律式(包括速率常數與級數),自然無法作答。
第 29-31 題
一、滿分參考答案
第29題(2分)
在 90oC 時,
溴苯的蒸氣壓為 100~110 mmHg,
水的蒸氣壓為 520~550mmHg,
因此,混合物的蒸氣壓為 620~660 mmHg
第30題(2分)
溴苯 / 水 = (1 × 157) / (5 × 18) = 157/90 = 1.74
第31題(2分)
在 95 oC 時,
溴苯的蒸氣壓約為 120 mmHg,
水的蒸氣壓約為 640 mmHg,
合計約為 760 mmHg
混合物將於約 95 oC 時沸騰
二、評分原則與說明
本題組是藉著生活中可見的植物精油的提取,來測驗考生關於兩不互溶液體的分離原理,並透過題幹的說明,增加考生對此分離方法的了解。
第 29 題,溴苯與水的蒸氣壓都在範圍內得 1 分,混合物的蒸氣壓也在範圍內,再得1 分;若溴苯與水的蒸氣壓只有其一在範圍內,而混合物的蒸氣壓仍在範圍內,可得 1 分;無法寫出混合物的蒸氣壓或答非所問,無法得分。
第 30 題,列式正確給 1 分,答案正確再給 1 分;若列式正確,但計算有誤導致答案錯誤只能得 1 分;無法算出正確答案或答非所問,無法得分。
第 31 題,敘述總壓為 1atm(760mmHg) 時,混合物會沸騰可得 1 分,混合物沸騰的溫度正確再得 1 分;若有敘述總壓為 1atm(760mmHg) 時,混合物會沸騰但混合物沸騰的溫度錯誤,可得 1 分;無法算出正確答案或答非所問,無法得分。
三、考生作答情形
此一題組考生作答情形不甚理想,常見的錯誤有:
第 29 題,很多考生會使用莫耳分率來解題,即誤用拉午耳定律,將由圖中讀取的蒸氣壓,乘上各自的莫耳分率再加總,以求得混合物的蒸氣壓。
第 30 題,有些考生的概念不清楚,質量應為莫耳數「乘上」分子量,而非除以分子量。
第 31 題,很多考生會使用莫耳分率來解題,即誤用拉午耳定律,將由圖中讀取的沸點,乘上各自的莫耳分率再加總,來求得混合物的沸點。
參、結語
非選擇題的評分原則是採取「分段給分」的原則:以計算題的例子來說,只要考生列式正確、帶入的數值正確,就可得到部分的分數,如果最後的計算結果也正確,就可以得到完整的分數。再以看圖題的例子來說,由於讀取數值會有些許的不同,若寫出的數值在容許的誤差範圍內,就可以得到部分的分數,若最後加總的答案也在範圍內,就可以得到完整的分數。
以上所述為112分科測驗化學考科的非選擇題評分原則說明,希望藉著這篇文章,能讓外界對這次分科測驗化學考科的評分原則有充分認識。